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Twenty products absent from the shelves of the pharmacy on the first day of the week. This is the situation that a small pharmacy owner in the fifteenth arrondissement of Paris, a few days of the summer closure of his pharmacy. An almost normal, and shared by many of his colleagues. These problems of supply disruptions, the pharmaceutical companies (LEEM) have also identified a few months. Front-line antiretroviral drugs (treatments against AIDS), insulin, or steroids. In some small pharmacies, such as supply disruptions related antidepressants and vaccines.

"The mountain of pharmacies in these areas have alerted us, says we in the trade association of the drug industry, because in general, breaks off and still found the result of bad weather, or social movements. " This was not necessarily the case in recent months."For some specific drugs, including antiretrovirals, there is a significant difference between the amounts made available to the distribution channel for businesses, and far below the number of units dispensed by pharmacies in town," confirms the organization.

In this case, then those products which go missing? According to Leem, some drugs would be captured by "short liners," the new intermediate appeared recently (4-5 years), whose intervention "aims to capture the margins, and do not have to Unlike the traditional players, a culture of health professionals ", warns Leem.And the controversy grew about the possible disruptive effect that these new players would result in the drug market.

Introduction of quotas

These new entrants are currently only 2.5% of the market for thirty entities in competition with wholesale distributors, who are the traditional intermediaries between laboratories and the approximately 23,000 French owners of pharmacies. "This is especially true for drugs produced and distributed in small quantities, such as antiretroviral (ARV) where their intervention significantly affects the fluidity of the market, says Emmanuel Déchin, general secretary of the Chambre Syndicale in the pharmaceutical distribution (CSRP) , which comprises seven members, representing 97% of the French market."We know that none of these ARV box which is sold is intended for the French market.".

In addition, since the early 2000s in France, every distribution is given by pharmaceutical companies, quotas based on national market share. "We understand the concern of an economic actor such as a laboratory to better control the flow of production, Emmanuel Déchin tempers. But it also induces more rigid and can penalize us and expose us to break. " Today, about 600 drugs on the 5300 allowed the French market are subject to these quotas. And strong demand in France for some products, lead to regular stock-outs on nearly 270 specialties, according to the Union of pharmacists (USPO).

Also, some advance to explain that the pharmaceutical giants, or even distributors, do not hesitate to reserve a portion of their stocks of the more "lucrative". Indeed, patented products still sell for an average of three to five times more expensive in the U.S. than in France. And even within the European Union, large disparities persist. On average, the products can be sold 20% more expensive in Germany than in France, while in Spain, prices are generally lower than 10%. "I do not honestly believe that a laboratory, despite its economic imperatives, can do this type of arbitrage to the detriment of the health of patients' tempers Déchin Emmanuel.

The health minister is prepared to legislate

For his part, and face these charges, the Health Minister Xavier Bertrand was firm: "These systems are known to parallel importation, but I do not want that.What is planned for France should be consumed in France, "he said on Europe 1 radio on Tuesday. He was prepared to legislate if laboratories and wholesalers did not meet their obligations, "or you meet your quota, or I will oblige with a new text, he said. It's a shame to come here but I will not hesitate one second to do so. "

Therefore, to overcome these difficulties, some small pharmacists have no choice but to defeat the usual, explains that another pharmacist in a small pharmacy (800,000 euros of annual turnover): "either we manage with co-major pharmacies that are generally better off than us, or we go directly to the laboratory control. But this can only be temporary, because of course we pay more than the wholesaler! ".For two or three years, the pharmacist admitted being increasingly confronted with such situations, including antiretrovirals and cancer. Clearly, treatments that can not wait. Troubleshooting

Faced with this shortage, Leem and the French Agency for Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS) have set up emergency solutions (stocks troubleshooting, short circuit …) and special issues to avoid the maximum out-of treatment for patients. A temporary workaround, which can not do without an in-depth study of the new challenges of the French system of drug distribution. What the Department of Competition and Fraud (DGCCRF) seems to be addressing.

In turn, dispatchers did not call for the abolition of quotas, nor to that of intra-EU trade, but felt that the resolution of this issue "very complex" pass through "pragmatism and a sense of responsibility on the part of all actors in the chain, given the economic pressure to which they are subjected. "

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In the case of debt, time is a luxury that the United States as Europe can not afford. This is the message sent Tuesday by Christine Lagarde, director of the International Monetary Fund. Welcoming the plan against the crisis of the Greek debt presented Thursday by EU leaders, the French hoped "that these bold steps will be followed in the United States and that action in the fiscal area will occur as quickly as possible."

In Washington, "the clock is forever and you really find a solution," insisted Christine Lagarde. Democrats and Republicans can not agree on U.S. debt, then that must be addressed prior to August 2 the maximum amount that the state can borrow in the markets (the ceiling of the debt). Otherwise the U.S. will not reimburse investors.

"Having a default or a significant reduction in the rating assigned to the signing of the United States, an event would be very, very, very serious. Not for the U.S. only, but for the world economy in general, "said the leader of the IMF. In the longer term, the IMF has asked the United States Monday to hand over "the debt to a sustainable path." U.S. debt until recently was considered by investors as an investment "safe".

If it is proved otherwise, the consequences could be incalculable. The United States "can not default on their obligations," said John Boehner, a Republican official in Congress. "The jobs and savings of too many Americans (are) in."

Threat of 'turbulence'

Europe is no exception.After the summit on Thursday, the leaders of the euro area should continue their efforts, Christine Lagarde warned: "The plan was welcomed by financial markets, as evidenced by the stronger euro and lower spreads rates on bonds of the periphery. But the turmoil could easily reappear. For this reason it is essential that the commitments of the summit are implemented quickly. "

Problem: The plan must be submitted to national parliaments for approval. "This will be done in the coming weeks. This will not happen overnight because, as is often the case in many developed economies of the Northern Hemisphere, August is relatively calm. And parliaments are closed, "admitted the director of the IMF. But Europeans do not have the luxury of taking their time.I think there is an expectation that things should move forward and be implemented not only by the countries directly concerned but also by governments who, as I said, kept their promises. "

To help stem the debt crisis, the IMF disbursed $ 330 billion to date, also recalled Christine Lagarde. Given this fact, the IMF might have to seek new funds to its member countries, its director admitted: "In the not too distant future we will probably take an interest in this issue."

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• What are they? Rating agencies are tasked, in theory, to assess independently the risk of bankruptcy or non payment of an economic issuing debt securities such as bonds. Clearly, they inform investors of their risk if they lend themselves to such corporation or such State. They each have a rating scale ranging from AAA (triple A) to CCC.

The score is after work for analyzing economic and financial figures and results from a collective decision of the agency's analysts. This is an opinion, say the agencies, not a recommendation to buy or sell a security or a share of a company.

• The impact of the notes. Rating, reflecting the risk of bankruptcy of a company or a state, however, has taken a very important rated entities and investors.For states and businesses alike, a note degraded resulting in an increase in interest rates. So when they want to borrow, it costs more.

Investors should in turn may sell certain debt securities to meet internal and financial regulations. A portfolio manager consists of obligations and will maintain a balance between built-risky securities and less risky. If a portion of its securities, such as Greek bonds, for example, is degraded, it will have to part for not only its portfolio becomes too risky.

• Who owns the agency? Moody's is an American company listed and independently owned up to 13% by billionaire Warren Buffett. Fitch is majority owned by French financial company Fimalac, founded by Marc Ladreit de Lacharriere and 20% of the group Hearst.Standard & Poor's is owned by U.S. publisher McGraw-Hill Companies.

• Who pays? "Typically, a rating agency is paid by the entities who want to receive a note or those that use the note" on a subscription basis, says Standard & Poor's. 2009 according to the scale of the latter for the United States, a large company must pay at least $ 70,000 at the beginning of the rating process, then a subscription of "surveillance" amounting to about half the original amount cash advances pay day loan. Each time it will issue the debt markets, it will perform in addition to a commission of 0.045% of the transaction. The amounts are similar in Europe.

Today, about 90% of revenue comes from credit rating agencies rated entities, is Norbert Gaillard, in his book "The rating agencies' published in The Discovery.

• Conflicts of interest.The crisis "subprime" mortgages at risk, has highlighted the limitations of the current agencies. Paid by companies that want to be noted, agencies are sometimes tempted to assign a higher rating than actually deserved to win a contract to the detriment of its other two competitors.

A former analyst at Moody's, Mark Froeb, has launched scathing attacks against his former employer before the Commission of Inquiry on the financial crisis in the U.S. Senate. "When I left Moody's (2008, Ed), the worst fear of one analyst was not necessarily something that would jeopardize the market share of Moody's, to cause harm to its sales ( …) and losing his job accordingly, "he complained. However, an analyst should only concern "to contribute to a rating that would be false."

• Agencies very profitable.With the increasing complexity of financial markets, the agencies argue that it is becoming increasingly expensive to analyze the risk of failure of economic actors. Therefore, in the 70's, they began to charge companies to notaient.

This business model provides a very high cost to agencies. Moody's expects an operating margin (operating profit to net sales) of between 38% and 40% in 2011. Standard & Poor's 43% in the first quarter of 2011 alone and Fitch 58% for the year 2010/2011 shifted.

This is a schoolboy joke, but we hear it everywhere in Lisbon. If the sky is gray if the coffee machine is broken or if one falls down, "A culpa é do Socrates!" Socrates is to blame! Portuguese Prime Minister of course embodies the grim prospects that beset his administration. José Socrates is one who, after pledging never to lower them, eventually seek outside help. The Portuguese are well aware of: against the 78 billion loaned by the troika (IMF, European Commission and European Central Bank) will require consent of hard sacrifices.

Came to power in 2005, Socialist, 53, divorced and father of two children, probably his last book political battle, the most difficult of all. Tomorrow's elections will determine its future.

The "wild beast" as he describes himself, refuses to admit defeat.Last March, soon after announcing his resignation as Prime Minister Socrates was reelected as head of the Socialist Party (PS, center left) by a final score: 93.3%. And there's another week, opinion polls placed the PS elbow to elbow with the Social Democratic Party (PSD, center right). Today, the latest opinion polls give a lead of 6 points to the DSP. "But the fact that he can still compete with the opposition is surprising analysis Teresa de Sousa, a columnist for the newspaper Publico. This is still the premier of the crisis! "She said the strength of Socrates explained by his personal qualities:" He has great charisma, a good speaker who uses simple words and direct "says she. The flip side is "low fidelity" ideological, considers Teresa de Sousa.Socrates is supposed to represent the right wing of the PS, the current more moderate training already very centrist. But throughout the campaign, this positioning does not stop him to shake the specter of anti-social right, which will liberalize at all-if she came to Sao Bento, the official residence of Prime Minister.

Tensions with the press and justice

"It's a fighting personality, not an intellectual," says José Adelino Maltez, a political scientist at the Technical University of Lisbon payday loans. And to appeal to the French philosopher Jacques Maritain: "Socrates is leading a leftist government with a right temperament." A follower of political marketing, in short, which modernized the Portuguese public life, for better or for worse. Rui Costa Pinto, who wrote an unauthorized biography of the Prime Minister (José Socrates Homen o, o lider), speaks of "a bipolar character.""It is both a deceiver and an authoritarian," he says. This journalist is one of those who have suffered the pressures of the head of government, which maintains an ambivalent relationship with the press.

"We got along well, we familiarly," recalls the biographer. Until the day Costa Pinto puts his finger on a possible bribery case. Socrates then goes into a rage. "I lost my job twice because of him," says the author, who just won a lawsuit against the protagonist of his biography. The "wild beast" is a blood. The justice professionals are in open conflict with Socrates. "The attempts of manipulation against the courts have reached unacceptable levels," has accused the head of the union attorneys, Joao Palma.The name of Socrates is released in several cases, but until now the Prime Minister went through the drops, lack of evidence.

In six years of government, Socrates has accumulated enemies. If he departs from the Republic of gold, it could lose its last allies. As for Portuguese, they will eventually unravel fact from fiction: to identify what is "a culpa do Socrates' … and assume that their structural problems remain unsolved.

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Closing on a rise from 0.65% late Wednesday, Wall Street has ended three consecutive sessions of decline. The U.S. central bank reassured investors by announcing that it would continue its policy to support the economy of the United States.

Despite the mixed performance of Asian stock markets on Thursday morning, the CAC 40 index continued its rebound movement began Wednesday. And the more so as oil prices are starting to rebound on Wednesday, surpassing the $ 100. In electronic trading in Asia, the black gold coast 100.23 dollars.

At the opening, the index in Paris gained 0.59% to 4001.32 points. On the stock market in Frankfurt, the DAX 30 rose 0.78% to 7360.47 points, for its part, the Footsie-100 from the London Stock Exchange ahead of 0.62% to 5960.32 points.

On the macroeconomic front, no indicator is expected in France.However, several are in the U.S.: the weekly claims for unemployment benefits (1430), home resales in April (16 hours), the composite indicator of economic activity in April (16 hours) activity in the Philadelphia area in May (16 hours).

Air France-KLM returns to profit

Air France-KLM: 1.43% to 12.06 euros

Air France-KLM announced in a statement it had returned to profit in 2010-2011, with a net profit of 613 million euros after a loss of 1.55 billion a year earlier.

EDF: 1.17% to 28.86 euros

Eric Besson confirmed Wednesday that the wholesale price of nuclear electricity EDF will sell to its competitors will be far from 42 euros per megawatt hour (MWh) from 1 January 2012 against the advice of the Regulatory Commission Energy (CRE) payday loans lenders.

Vinci: 0.67% to 43.60 euros, GDF Suez: +0.40% to 26.29 euros, Areva: +0.12% at 30.20 euros

GDF Suez, Vinci and Areva said Wednesday they have jointly respond to the bidding of government for the development of five wind farms off the French coast as part of a program of dévloppement 6000 MW offshore.

Vinci could also interest in the activities of German Hochtief concessions if it were to sell them.

LVMH: -1.37% to 118.60 euros

The redevelopment of the Samaritan woman, owned by LVMH, has been finalized and will be open for public consultation from May 20

In addition, in the case LVMH / Hermes, the Paris Court of Appeal will consider the appeal filed by minority shareholders against the decision of the AMF to allow the group to lock Hermes capital.Hermes was down 0.11% to 174.90 euros.

Plastic Omnium: 3.19% at 22.63 euros

Plastic Omnium buys the activities of gas tanks of Ford in the U.S. through its subsidiary, Plastic Omnium Auto Energy.

Soitec: + 2.80% to 10.45 euros

Soitec said Wednesday that the activity continued to expand its markets suggesting a positive outlook despite unfavorable exchange rates.

LinkedIn assesses its value to three billion dollars in its IPO issue addressed yesterday with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Constable of overseas markets. American professional social network is about to score this month on the New York Stock Exchange.

The startup has warned that its growth could slow in the future, investment is expected to increase the capacity of the site. The site could not even be beneficial shareholder this year. In 2010, it has recorded fifteen million dollars profit on a turnover of 243 million. This income was 78 million in 2008.It has also surpassed the hundred million registered end-March, with 102 million accounts free credit report and score.

Some analysts remain skeptical of the optimism LinkedIn whose business model is based on recruiting, marketing solutions and profiles "premium" pay, is very different from sites like Facebook or Zynga, very popular with investors, who rather seek to consume their users via their interfaces. Despite these differences, the IPO of LinkedIn will probably be a good barometer for gauging the success of quotations from other social networks, eagerly awaited.

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At Kiriko, a Japanese restaurant in the ninth arrondissement of Paris, this chef is adamant since the disaster Fukushima, "attendance has dropped from 20 to 30%. A few yards away, in Yokohama, the conclusion is the same. Another borough, figures identical to Kyotori between Place de la Bourse and the Opera, "we lost a third of customers." Even if he refuses to disclose its revenue, the head of another Japanese restaurant says: "In recent days, a lot of customers are asking for certificates on the origin of the fish we use in our sushi. "

Aurelian, a young 26 year old Lille, is one of many suspicious. "Even in normal times, when you see the television reports on Asian restaurants, it makes you skeptical.Where do the fish, seaweed, sauces, rice …? We do not know anything. "

Few Japanese fish imported into France

The ignorance of consumers about the origin of the products they use, just that battle Alain Bailly, Director of Counter ocean, a company based in Rungis, providing no less than 300 sushi restaurants. "The lack of communication and transparency creates among consumers a deep sense of doubt and anxiety, when in reality, almost nothing is anywhere in Japan cash advance." What pushed this company to send a communique to all its customers, recalling that "the salmon comes from Norway, tuna in the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean sea bream, mackerel and mullet from France …». A reminder that some restaurants have not hesitated to affix labels on their windows.In fact, among the products commonly used in Japanese cooking, only some wasabi and seaweed from the country of the rising sun. "And yet, one can easily find from the USA, China or Korea," says Alain Bailly.

When contacted, the European Commission recalled that on his side since the end of March, all food products from the area near Fukushima are subject to health checks reinforced from Japan, and are re-examined upon arrival on European territory. As the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, services stressed that only 450 tons of marine products in Japan have been imported into France in 2010.

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Unions are rather relieved. After fears yesterday that their call for the strike falls flat, following the announcement last minute by the management to reopen salary negotiations, they welcomed a widely followed mobilization this Saturday. Employees hypermarket distribution group were in fact called by four unions to strike on Saturday to protest against including salary increases for 2011, considered insufficient. The appeal was launched in late March by the FGTA-FP, the majority union at Carrefour (with more than 45% representation), and supported by the CGT, CFDT and CGC.

In total, employees of French retail group came to mass protest around the shops in this traditional day of great crowds in hypermarkets.According to union estimates, the movement is widely followed (50 to 85% of striking workers) in 130 of 203 hypermarkets in the group. Over thirty sites are completely blocked, preventing access of employees supermarkets. Even when they are not completely blocked, the strike rate range from 30% to 85% as estimated by Dejan Terglav, general secretary of the FO-FGTA reported by AFP. "The regions are the most mobilized the North, Britain and the Centre," said trade unionist. When contacted, the management of Carrefour has not confirmed those numbers, always carrying an inventory of mobilization, and ensuring that all supermarkets were open.

Union representatives yesterday morning anticipating a high rate of mobilization of employees. A rare occurrence in a group unaccustomed to large-scale social movements."Especially since the announcement of the reopening of Carrefour wage negotiations Wednesday could deter some people from coming forward. But reopening negotiations, it does not mean to succeed, "insists Dejan Terglav.

"It's a movement that looks pretty memorable," confirmed Frank Gaulin, Steward central CGT. Jean-Claude Mailly, secretary general of the Workers' Force (FOR), came to support the movement at the site of Le Mans, on strike for 80%. "People want a redistribution within companies.When they are unwilling to do that, there is a strike, "said union leader, also claims that" a device to make compulsory the transport allowance in all enterprises. "

Insufficient wage increase

While management offers its employees a 1% increase in wages to March 1 and another 1% increase on 1 October, union officials estimate that these proposals do not cover inflation announced by 2% payday loan online. "I do not really represents only 1% over the year," says a leaflet distributed by the FGTA-FO, which requests that the increases are decided once a year. The promise of recovery to 10% (against 7% previously) discounts on purchases of stores, and the announcement of the reopening of negotiations next Wednesday, will not suffice to bring back the union leaders on their decision.

Indeed, beyond wages, discomfort is increasingly strong-side conditions of use and new methods of work since arriving at the head of the group of Swedish Lars Olofsson, in January 2009. In total, FGTA-FO amounted to 10,000 the number of jobs cut since 5 years, and denounced a "new business model based on night work generalized ultra simplified workflow and increased employee stress .

The union also stipulates that future negotiations with management will not only wages and, even in case of high wage increase, it will not bend on the claims concerning the improvement of working conditions.

Opposition to the plans of division

While President Nicolas Sarkozy on Thursday expressed its willingness to link salaries to dividends, the unions could ask for more support for their speeches. For the third and final major demand, workers are opposed to the division by trading in the subsidiary Dia hard discount and the 25% of the land Carrefour Property. According to unions, these purely financial transactions would bring six billion euros to the two main shareholders, Bernard Arnault and Colony Capital (14% stake and 20% of voting rights between them).

In the words of Dejan Terglav in Les Echos reported on Friday, the organization also wants the Mutual Fund Business (CIPF) 'vote against the division (at the next general meeting of June 21 ed.)CIPF owns approximately 1.33% of the shares but the double voting rights "said the union leader. Bringing to nearly 4% the number of shareholders opposed the project, with the fund Knight Vinke (more than 1% of capital). But for now insufficient to meet a third of votes needed to derail the project.

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Closer, Public, and are not following the party. Down 4% last year, the float people are still on the downside since January. This segment of press, however, represented more than 130 million copies in 2010, by volume, the third family after the titles of magazines and television for women. But, week after week, newsstand sales continue to nosedive, some publishers even going to talk privately with a series of "double-digit stalls.

"The first celebrity magazines suffer from competition from women who came to walk on their turf," says Veronica Priou specialist press in ZenithOptimedia (Publicis). The arrival of the weekly Grazia (Mondadori) or the positioning of "female celebrity premium" Gala (Prisma) or Viewpoint (Roularta) have reworked the maps.To this is added a plethora newsstand, which is likely to recede with the breath of reality TV, but especially the rise of Web hitherto under-invested by the publishers.

For the web, the leaders of the clipboard are far behind with a "pure player" purepeople.com. This site has attracted over three million unique visitors in January, nearly a million more than the following site (2 guaranteed cash advance.1 million) and more than double that of Gala (1,3 million). Closer, Mondadori group and industry leader in paper distribution, has received less than 500,000. As for public.fr (Lagardère Active), it has taken its autonomy in February, after being hosted by the First Portal.

Dispersion of the hearing

While advertising companies minimize the dispersion of the hearing, the phenomenon is worrisome in the wings.Through its websites Disney Co, and Puretrend Pureshopping, which combine 4.5 million unique visitors per month, the publisher Webedia, launched three years ago, shakes boards. The advertising model is simple: the beautiful people as a pretext to talk about shopping and beauty. "Our positioning antitrash allows us to attract advertisers like L'Oreal and Dior," says Cedric Sire, founder of Webedia. This is precisely the profile of advertisers competing publishers, including through special operations that integrate more and more often a mobile flap. "Once we have deployed our entire supply bimédia, we pass by Disney Co, promises Philippe Labi, editor of Voici and Gala at Prisma Presse.

The markets decide on Thursday to follow the trend on Wall Street yesterday or the Asian markets this morning. Disturbed yesterday by a further rise in oil prices, the Paris Bourse tries the rebound: the CAC 40 gained 0.54% to 4057.91 points.

The DAX index of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange following the same path with an increase of 0.61% to 7225.23 points. Just as the London Stock Exchange takes 0.34% to 5935.11 points.

However, investors should be wary. The barrel was still an upward trend on Thursday in electronic trading in Asia with a barrel of light sweet crude for April delivery at 102.47 dollars a barrel of Brent North Sea to 116.70 dollars. The situation in Libya, which explains the spike in oil shows no sign of improvement.Worse, the country's leader, Muammar Gaddafi, said yesterday in a speech delivered on television, there would be "thousands of deaths" in case of foreign military intervention in his country.

In Europe, attention will focus on the ECB meeting, which will decide on interest rates from 13.45. A hardening of tone is expected this Thursday, but not to the point of a rate hike is imminent. Inflation reached 2.4% in February in the eurozone, a figure higher than the target of 2% of the European Central Bank, growth was also up, despite the debt crisis, to 1.6% in 2011, according to Brussels.

As for currencies, the euro remains under pressure, but stable against the greenback to 1.3864 dollars in morning trading.Stack on a very important technical resistance

Battery Statistics

In this context, markets will try to focus on the series of macroeconomic statistics to be published Thursday. In France, the unemployment rate fell slightly in the fourth quarter of 2010 to 9.2% of the workforce in France and 9.6% including overseas departments, a decrease of 0.1 points per quarter previous INSEE announced Thursday.

For the euro area, the news will also be very rich at 11 am with the area GDP in the fourth quarter and retail sales in January.

The day will also be busy with the U.S. productivity in the fourth quarter and weekly jobless claims (1430) and the ISM Services February (16 hours).Attention should also dominate the market before the publication of the traditional monthly report on U.S. employment on Friday.

Values to follow

Alcatel-Lucent (5.56% to 3.80 euros) is supported by the recovery of target price of Barclays. The sign as the largest increase of the SBF 120 in early trade.

Renault: 0.39% to 42.91 euros

The manufacturer does not manipulation in the case of alleged espionage whose company reported but awaits the return of investigations into the existence of bank accounts abroad to decide.

Total: +0.36% at 43.51 euros

The petroleum announced Wednesday it will pay $ 4 billion (2.9 billion euros) to take a 12% stake in Russian gas producer Novatek.

In addition, the group will soon stop operating Mabrouk field, whose production capacity is between 40,000 and 50,000 barrels per day. Muammar Gaddafi confirms that oil production in his country was "at the bottom."

Alstom: 0.43% to 41.62 euros

The group announced Wednesday the signing of an agreement for its participation in the development of a technology center in SKOLKOVO Russia.

Unibail Rodamco: +0.03% to 145.35 euros

Europe's leading retail real estate announced Wednesday it had acquired from Eurohypo AG a stake of 7.25% in SFL (FSH) for 106.5 million euros.

France Telecom: 0.63% to 15.77 euros Iliad: 4.66% to 84.60 euros

Free and Orange signed a roaming agreement 2G to 3G expanded. The announcement had been evoked by the daily newspaper Les Echos on Thursday.

Air France-KLM: 0.98% to 11.81 euros

The company plans to reorganize in order to make acquisitions, "said La Tribune.

GDF Suez revises goals upward

GDF Suez: -0.64% to 28.03 euros

The band recorded in 2010 net income group share of EUR 4.616 billion (+3.1%), especially through its activities in France, and has revised upwards its targets for 2011 due to taking control of Britain's International Power.

Carrefour: -0.28% to 33.51 euros

The French distribution giant has recorded exceptional costs in 2010 of 1.13 billion euros, which have weighed on operating profit.The group, which announced Thursday a net operating profit up 9%, according to its own forecasts made in January, said an anticipated earnings growth in 2011.

Manitou: -3.31% to 23.98 euros

The group was cautious about the recovery in margins in 2011 after having returned to growth in its turnover last year thanks to a rebound in orders.

Club Méditerranée: 3.25% to 17.45 euros

The group announced Thursday a turnover in the first quarter of fiscal shifted 2010/2011 (1 November-31 January) up 14.6% to 337 million euros and bookings for the summer "growing two numbers. "

Always on the side of publications, after market, we will follow the annual results of Areva and results for the fourth quarter of Bio Alliance.