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For the first time since 1980, the number of three public (state, territorial and hospital) have stagnated in France in 2008. Specifically, they rose only 1800postes. From never-seen since 1980. At 31 December 2008, according to report data annually on the Public Service published yesterday, the Hexagon were almost 5.3 million employees, or 20.5% of total employment, and 656,000 more than a decade ago.

The virtual stagnation of 2008 is largely to the credit of the state civil service has continued to decrease in population from 2006. It has eliminated 77,000 jobs last year, including through non-replacement of a staff of two who retire and to continue the policy of transfer of powers to local authorities. This represents a decline of 3.1% of its workforce in a year.France, employs 2.4 million civil servants, 69.5% and 14.1% of holders of soldiers. This total is 1.4% lower than in 1998, representing a decline of nearly 35,000 agents in a decade.

The numbers have declined in 2008 across all departments, with the exception of Justice and the prime minister. The portfolios of Education and Ecology have been most affected by the cuts with cuts respective 43,000 and 23,000 agents. Finally, almost a two-state official now works in education, one in five of Defense and Interior to eleven.

2328euros per month for a state agent

Another finding of the report 2009-2010 on the state of the public service: local authorities have continued to recruit with a vengeance with nearly 70,000 new jobs in 2008.The local civil service now employs 1.82 million people. A total of 3.9% higher than in 2008 and, especially, a surge of 40% compared to 1998. This dramatic increase is partly related to the second law of decentralization occurred in 2003. The regions – which employs only 4% of all local officials – have been particularly intensive public sector jobs as they saw their numbers jump over a decade, from 22.5% on average each year and even 49% per year since 2005. In more than one in four cases, recruitment occurred three years prior to 2008 had nothing to do with transfer of responsibilities from the State.

The public hospital has, meanwhile, was more reasonable since the increase of its workforce in 2008 was four times lower than that of local authorities: 1% over one year or more 10000agents.At December 31, staff of public hospitals accounted for approximately 1 million people. Those numbers have increased, on average ten years, 1.8% each year.

Pay later, an officer of the state received an average of 2328 euros net per month in 2008. An increase of 3.7% in current euros a year and 0.9% after allowing for inflation. Territorial Agent earned nearly 600 euros less and a hospital, 150. In both cases, the territorial and hospital officials have seen their wages decline in net income a year, by 0.6% and 0.1% in constant euros.

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Eighty days after the explosion of the platform Deepwater Horizon BP, while 35,000 to 60,000 barrels of crude continue to flee each day in the Gulf of Mexico, the Administration faces Obama in the oil industry courtrooms.

Latest twist, a Louisiana appellate court has imposed a setback Thursday at the White House. On 22 June a judge in New Orleans overturned the six-month moratorium on new offshore drilling more than 150 meters deep, decreed by the Obama Administration. The magistrate ruled the gel arbitrary, decided by him without consideration for its regional economic impact. The executive has therefore appealed and lost again on Thursday.

Thirty drilling platforms in the Gulf these are now hostage to this legal battle.The cost of leasing a drilling platform is estimated at 1 million per day. As a result of thirty platforms in the Gulf, the bill accumulated over three months would amount to 2.7 billion dollars for companies exploring the deposits of the Gulf. The extension of the moratorium could put 50,000 employees out of work in Louisiana and the neighboring oil states.

Go drill "elsewhere"

Along with judges, elected Republicans deposit burst of bills or amendments to overturn the moratorium. For its part, the British government also said to be opposed to a freeze of all offshore drilling and focuses on a case by case basis. "We will not allow drilling until we have no assurance that the plans for all wells (…) represent what can be done better," says the UK Department of Energy.

Already, several U.S. companies threaten to go elsewhere to drill. "If the moratorium is maintained, we will have to redirect our resources to other parts of the world we are authorized to work," says one at Exxon Mobil, the first American company. In the U.S., the oil sector is characterized by the presence of a multitude of small companies, which bore alongside the majors. Thus, Swift Energy, based in Houston, told AFP that she was going to drill more in Texas, on land, at the expense of its operations off the coast of Louisiana.

In California, oil companies had rejoiced the green light to drill offshore, given by Barack Obama just days before the spill.The disaster has brought back the White House on this concession to the oil lobby for support of allied Republicans in Congress on the draft energy law discussed step by step for over a year. The company Venoco, which had projects off California, will focus on its land drilling. Problem: the volumes available in the ground are much lower than those buried under the ocean floor.

G20 warned. Beware of excessive rigor. That's good, the government has always had something in horror. Rigor. However, in the fall, it will be many rigorous measures to be announced. Nonetheless, France has heard this message. This Sunday, at the Economic Forum, held annually the weekend by the Circle of economists, Christine Lagarde, Minister of Economy, has found a new formula. The "ri-lance, a mixture of rigor and recovery. "Renewal or rigor, this is not a choice, not a Gordian knot for me," she said.The economic policy that we are in France now is a political ri-lance.

So precisely what does she mean by "ri-lance? This is a "delicate balance which is really to reduce public spending where it will be less painful for the prospect of reviving economic activity," she says.

Another question: how to implement it? "We must carry out fundamental reforms such as pension reform and revitalize the economy by insisting on nvestments and innovation.

Reducing public expenditure without forgetting to relaunch growth. Such is the creed of the government, which needs to 100 billion euros in savings in three years and above who expects growth of 2.5% in 2011 as in 2012.Ambitious requires a real fight economic policy and especially a real global coordination.

The last summit of the G20 in Canada had indeed left a clear dissonance in this area between Europeans and Americans. They demanded that the Europeans do not all implement the same time austerity plans, fearing for U.S. growth.

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The G20 warns against excessive rigor

In the battle over economic strategy, which raged in the country G8/G20 meeting in Toronto, Nicolas Sarkozy ranks clearly on the side of Barack Obama's hostile plans rigor precipitates. "For France, fiscal consolidation is a long-term need [...] the stimulus must be from 2011, progressively, according to individual circumstances," said one EU source.

Favorable cures severe austerity in Greece, Portugal and Spain, Nicolas Sarkozy calls for budgetary adjustments "progressive" in France and in Germany, in 2011, with "not too many taxes."

The fragile economic and financial worries Europe G8 and the G20. "Our partners Americans and Canadians fear the impact of austerity plans on resuming" said one EU source.The health of banks on the Old Continent is also a major concern in the U.S. No faxing payday loans 1 hour. "There is nothing to fear from that quarter. Our banks are very strong. The results of stress testing in late July will cheer the markets, "say the Europeans.

Faced with the Americans, Germans and Britons facing the G8 steadfast defenders of rigor. "A sustainable growth can not result from a fiscal policy based on the debt?" Repeats Angela Merkel. "Our public finances are in such a state, we have no other choice than a hard adjustment," defends David Cameron.

In this debate, Nicolas Sarkozy wants to distinguish itself from its European partners.Recognizing the need to reduce fiscal deficits in France, he does not want to rush, giving priority to pension reform. If markets were not so vigilant, he would gladly own the warning of Barack Obama: "do not overdo it in 2010 … or 2011.

The European Commission has just been estimated in March that the forecasts were too optimistic France and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) last Thursday to consider that they might lead to "a significant underestimation" of efforts to reduce the deficit to 3% of GDP in 2013, Paris had no intention of yielding to pressures coming from all sides on its growth forecast and react hastily to the scaling back.

While the government expects growth of 2.5% in 2011 as in 2012, Christine Lagarde, who was Sunday guest of Grand Jury RTL-LCI-Le Figaro, said Bercy maintained that figure. "It is perhaps a bit daring.But this does not mean that I do not think so because when we have breaks in growth, as we had last year, it rebounded the following year generally stronger than that which was anticipated, "Christine Lagarde has justified, that speaks of" a spring that tightens "…

Nevertheless, "it is too early in the year," to decide to revise the forecast, says she. "Wait and see the results of second quarter results that I hope good." The growth figure for the second quarter will be published in August.Traditionally, this publication – which comes in full preparation of the draft budget law – leads to changes in assumptions of growth for the next year payday loans.

Commitments savings firm and final

If she wants to be proactive, Christine Lagarde, however, not only closes the door to such a review. Paris will pose the question "to fall," said the minister.

This will be a real challenge for public finances. For the equation becomes perilous Paris counts on the 2.5% growth to get him some 35 billion euros in tax revenues to enable it to meet part of 100 billion euros that represents a return to 3% deficit in 2013.If it is not there you will have to find more savings.

One thing is certain: "The commitments we made in terms of economy of expenditure and intervention are firm and final," said Christine Lagarde.

In short, the government must conduct a struggle of economic policy. Christine Lagarde, who just celebrated three years as head of the Department of Economics, said he was ready to continue to assume. While circulating the idea of a reshuffle in September, "it is the President of the Republic to decide what the best players at the right time. If I am useful for the France team, I am available to the Prime Minister and the President of the Republic. Has it Matignon in sight? "Certainly not! Answered Christine Lagarde. The French economy and employment deserve I spend all my energy. "

Dassault Systemes announces quarterly results better than expected. In its statement, the company said it raised its forecasts to reflect the decline of the euro. He is now based on a dollar to 1.40 euro and 130 yen, against $ 1.45 previously and 140 yen

The publisher of software design and computer aided manufacturing, which has seen an improvement in activity on its main brands in the first quarter, posted a profit for the period from 51.3 million euros (+18%) . Returned to action, the net spring 0.43. For its part, the turnover reached 312 million euros, up 1% at constant exchange rates. Sales of new licenses have been particularly strong with an increase of 19%.

Net earnings per share expected between 2.19 and 2.28 euros for 2010

For the second quarter, Dassault Systems * expects net earnings per share in the range from 0.46 to 0.50. The turnover would be between 360 and 370 million and margin of around 23%. Dassault Systemes exceed its own forecasts. As analysts, were their latest estimates show a consensus of 0.37 euros.

For the full year, the group now expects earnings per share of 2.19 to 2.28 euros, a growth of 18% to 23%, from 2.09 to 2.19 euros before cons.

The group confirms its objective of raising 15% to 17% of its annual sales at constant exchange rates, with an operating margin of approximately 26%.

* The Dassault owns Le Figaro.

A letter dated end of January, setting the broad outlines of a trade union representation in the territorial commissions after elections in the TPE.

This bill deals with "three great subjects." First, it imposes in firms with fewer than 10 employees on a consultation list at the regional level every four years from late 2012. "This consultation will be through the internet or by mail, confirm there in the entourage of Eric Woerth. And it will affect all employees of small, except those of Agriculture whose election results, chambers of agriculture will be taken into account.In other words, all employees of businesses with fewer than 10 people will vote on the union they feel able to represent them in the territorial commissions, not the names of candidates.

Deuzio, the establishment of joint regional chambers (and the designation of their representatives) is returned to negotiations branch or inter-branch no fax pay day loans. The mission of these committees? "Monitoring and enforcement of collective agreements," says Bill.

Thirdly, the government postponed by two years the date of the next industrial tribunal elections to be held no later than at the end of 2015 and not 2013."There are many elections in early 2014 and we also want to allow time to analyze the recommendations of the Richard report," justifies a collaborator Eric Woerth.

"This is not the priority"

The Richard report, to be unveiled in the coming days, should offer new ways of "designation" of judges prud'hommes. One of the tracks would be considered to remove the election to go through an appointment of counsel based on the weight of each union at national level.Delaying the election of two years and has the advantage of allowing adequate time for governments to measure the weight of each plant under the new criteria of representativeness (will not be representative as the plants that, nationally, have a hearing than 8%).

No doubt this bill will meet the four trade unions signed the letter of intent in December with UPA: CFDT, CGT, CFE-CGC and CFTC. And will be fought by the MEDEF and CGPME rating as "excellent" social dialogue in the current SOHO and do not see the usefulness of measuring the audience of trade unions in the TPE.

"This is not the priority," has consistently indicated Laurence Parisot, the president of MEDEF, for several months.

The Paris Stock Exchange began the week on a positive note, after four consecutive days of closure for Easter. In the middle of meeting, the CAC 40 0.50% advance to 4 054.40 points. The Paris Bourse and reached a record since the beginning of the year.

Thursday evening, the CAC 40 finished up sharply from 1.5%, moving beyond 4000 points, 4034 points exactly, carried by the American tone of the evening, and for good economic indicators.

Friday, while Paris and Wall Street were closed, as expected figures on employment have been published. They are good: in March, the United States has created 162,000 jobs, the best performance in nearly three years. It is partly due to the hiring of 48,000 federal agents responsible for conducting the population census planned this year. But overall, the trend shows that employment in the private sector restarts.The ISM and the promise of home sales were also better than expected.

These figures were in any case allowed to appear in Asian stock green overall, except in Tokyo, but this index had increased many previous sessions. The trend was still a bit cool to the announcement by the Australian central bank as falling interest rates to 4.25%, the fifth increase since October.

Few statistics Tuesday

On the macroeconomic front on Tuesday, few new major.The INSEE published at noon on turnover in wholesale trade, retail trade and personal services for French companies in January on line pay day loans.

In the U.S., will be followed by the minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the Fed's March 16 to 20 hours.

Renault honor

Criticized in France, Sanofi-Aventis drug against heart rhythm disorders is considered less effective than existing generic by the Cedars-Sinai Heart Center of Los Angeles whose analysis should be widely listened to. The group shares yield 0.93%, to 54.65 euros.

Historic day for Renault, whose shares climbed 2.21% to 36.28 euros. The French manufacturer is on Tuesday morning a special board.It must give its approval to a broad industrial cooperation with the German group Daimler and equity participations cross.

Total has been indicted for corruption, but its shares rise 1.4%, to 44.25 euros, while oil is still above $ 86. Total advances from 1.90% to 44.47 euros.

As India began the population census, the service companies that handle such services are identified on the alert, like Capgemini and Steria.

Beneteau released Thursday night after a stock turnover of more than 253 million euros for the first half of fiscal 2009-2010, as against less than 240 million euros last year. Beneteau expects a growth of 15% over the year. The stock price up 0.15% to 13.40 euros.

Realtors? A good indicator of the economy. Today, the stone as the economy heads out from the water, but both of them are not yet fully recovered and remain afloat in midstream. Tails, the good news, transactions leave. This year, Fnaim, the federation of estate agents, believes that the bar of 600 000 transactions could be completed. But the market remains mixed. The nine was widely supported by the success of Scellier law, which allows investors to benefit from a tax of 25% within an investment of EUR 300 000. The former, he, still suffers. Because the coin has two sides. Front side, the bad news, the former has not solved the fluidity necessary for proper functioning of the housing market.These professionals call that the secondly-time buyers, that is to say, households who sell a property to buy another, are still not massively back on the market. In many places and on many products, it is still often difficult to match the expectations of those sellers with buyers.

After a blip like this has crossed the housing market, have a good idea of the price of a property is difficult. All the buyers and sellers are determined based on their expectations about future price developments. Roughly speaking, professionals assume a status quo prices. The most optimistic evoke certain properties, the most sought increases in the order of a few percent. Others believe that the balance should tilt towards a price reduction. Mathilde Lemoine, director of economic studies of HSBC France, and expects a decline in prices of the old 4% this year.For its part, the Land Bank expects "a drop in prices of 3% in the former and stability in the new." And pout Mouillart Michel, Professor of Economics at Paris X-Nanterre, "there is no risk of sudden fall of the market.

Another less quantifiable changed with the crisis and must be taken into account. In real estate, as elsewhere, households are determined to buy at the right price, to be smart consumers and investors informed. The beating of the heart are more difficult. Today, we buy more with his head than his heart. The ball is still in the camp of buyers. They have attractive credit terms. It is indeed possible for those who have the best records, to find a fixed rate loan over fifteen years to 3.5%. It will be hard to beat. "Interest rates will necessarily undergo one or more increases in 2010," said the broker CAFP.In a market recovering, prices are difficult to read. We publish in this case the numbers of notaries, those of the Credit Foncier Fnaim and according to our tour of France prices in Ile-de-France and its regions. Searched information, necessary but not sufficient. For now, the price changes between a product with and without defects, good or bad situation, are becoming wider. To help you better understand these variations, we have pushed the investigation further. With concrete examples of prices that are resistant and those who decline (page 114) and a tour of France that you can buy if you're lucky enough to have a budget of EUR 500 000 (page 142). On most goods, prices have declined from their level two years ago. But they did not collapse.In the Ile-de-France, for example, notaries emphasize that "the decline in prices recorded between autumn 2008 and summer 2009 was about 10%" low fee payday loans. But the downward trend in prices has "interrupted". "On an annual basis, the decline in prices between late 2008 and late 2009 is more than 5.6%," they add. This year they expect a stabilization of prices. And sounding the alarm. "The resumption of the construction of new housing in the private sector was essential to the recovery of the market. The shortage of quality housing appropriate to the needs of Parisians is short-term risk of a return of speculation.

The network Orpi evokes a "real recovery, but fragile." A word that recurs in several experts. Mathilde Lemoine and speaks of a "housing demand remains fragile because of imbalances persist.Yet the French like stone. After the fall of shares in 2008, the erosion rate of return on financial investments, many households have even rediscovered the charms of real estate, which enjoys a level of trust greater than financial markets. If market participants, professionals and individuals, are reasonable, it could therefore grown out of this crisis.

The purchasing power of households holding back price increases

In the nine programs are, at least for this year, many to sprout and marketing is well underway (see page 148), and some programs, proponents talk about buyers sleeping room not to miss the opening the sales office. Others talk of bidding on the price of land currently for sale. We find places for runaway phenomena.Sign of fine weather sets found for Real Estate? Nobody dares to translate it well. Because we have not yet met for the recovery that is taking shape into a market stabilized and restored. "A major risk of the recovery is that sellers reflect recovery by rising prices," says Orpi. For the market to find its stride, the sellers should stop dreaming about trees that rise to heaven, and that construction professionals are able to reflect the changing purchasing power of buyers in their projects. In a recent study based on the relationship between prices and incomes, Patrick Artus (Natixis) estimates that property prices are still too high (10 to 15% in France). Today, many proponents say, if prices rise too far, the application will not be there because the acquisition of a home no longer go into the budgets of many households.This constraint incomes and high unemployment limit the potential for price recovery. Managing the crisis will be difficult for the economy as a whole and real estate. This is the challenge of coming months to policies and professionals. For individuals who have the means to, global rates, market and taxation are conducive to a real estate purchase.If they have a project, they have a vested interest in the reality.

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Meeting Friday and Saturday in the Canadian North, while financial markets were concerned, particularly in Europe, the drift of their deficits, major fundraisers of the G7 (U.S., Canada, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and United Kingdom) maintain the cap. They pledge to continue their respective recovery plans. For its part, Europe will address itself the Greek case without recourse to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Furthermore, a tentative agreement in sight to introduce taxation of international banks.

These are the three conclusions of the meeting of the G7 major fundraisers – Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors – Iqaluit. A place almost inaccessible, forcing many ministers to use private jets.The Government of Canada wanted to reaffirm its sovereignty over the Arctic region.

An international taxation

As the host, Jim Flaherty, Canadian Finance Minister, was particularly prescriptive. The problem of Greece should be "managed by the European Union, not by the G7," he insisted to reporters while their European colleagues were reluctant to speak. As chairman of the Eurogroup Jean-Claude Juncker has formally denied the idea that Greece might need money from the International Monetary Fund. As for Jean-Claude Trichet, ECB president, he again expressed his confidence in Greece "to take all actions necessary" in order to reduce its deficit to 3% in 2012 payday loan